Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD/RAPD)
The APD is a measure of asymmetry which may occur with optic nerve, retinal, or cerebral vascular disease, and amblyopia, specifically when the disease or disorder is presenting asymmetrically. Pupil testing is a required part of a comprehensive eye examination, historically performed as a subjective observation (SFM), and considered by many clinicians as difficult to perform well.
Examples of disorders that may cause an APD:
- Glaucoma
- Amblyopia
- Optic neuritis / MS
- Optic nerve tumor
- Optic nerve infections or inflammation
- 3rd cranial nerve palsies
- Retinal detachment
- Intraocular tumor
- Retinal infection
- Alzheimer’s
- Autism
- Brain tumors
- Parkinson’s
- Traumatic optic neuropathy
Konan Medical USA
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